Initially, algeria was inhabited by berber groups speaking many different varieties of this afroasiatic language. Geographic names standardization policy for algeria. The first section of the paper focuses on the recent changes in government language policy return to arabicfrench bilingualism in schools and reactions to them following the recommendations made by the national commission for the reform of the educational system in march 2001. The status of french and english languages 229 regretted that young algerians do not master the arabic language amir, 2006. The language planning situation in algeria request pdf. The interplay between language and politics in a postcolonial country fouzi bellalem abstract research in language policy and planning looks for the contributing factors that stimulate a certain group of people to adopt or reject a certain language.
In fact, english was introduced in grade 4 of some pilot primary schools, before it was. This paper argues from a different trajectory of diaglossic language policy such that gives functional roles to both. Language of instruction policy and practice in africa ayo bamgbose preliminary information and comments this text is intended to accompany the map entitled african community languages and their use in education. Thirdly, is the english language which is used occasionally and its results equivalent to 42. It uses a historical perspective to understand the processes involved in language change, language policies and languagein. French le monde is angry with algerias new language policy. The issue is not just a matter of schools and education. It explains why arabisation was seen as important and why its implementation was fraught with serious obstacles. After the 2001 event pressure mounted on the use of tamazight berber language as the official language of algeria. Languageineducation policy and planning volume 14 christina bratt paulston, susanne mclaughlin. Algeria is a pertinent example of language contact and planning between a former colonial language french, a language of national identity standard arabic and.
A new gas module that was recently put on stream on the troll c platform will accelerate and boost production from fram by substantial profitable volumes. Houari boumediene, second president of algeria from 1965 to 1978, was strongly against french and never used it publicly. Mother tongue debate and language policy in south africa. South africa is a multilingual society that has some unique linguistic problems because of its policy of apartheid. It uses a historical perspective to understand the processes involved in language change, language policies and language in. Pdf this paper is a personal reflection that will attempt to foreground the evolution of the english language in algeria since this country. The first section of the paper focuses on the recent changes in government language policy return to arabicfrench bilingualism in schools and reactions to them following the recommendations made by the national commission for the reform of the educational system in. It examines the background of arabisation and its impact on education and administration. Some prescription drugs may be illegal in other countries. An exploration of foreign language teachers beliefs about curriculum innovation in algeria.
For example, professor ali mazrui in an article published as recently as 1967 commented on the comparatively mild and smooth conclusion of british colonial rule and contrasted this with the antibritish language policy in tanganyika after independence. Recent changes in moroccan language policy dawn marley university of surrey, uk morocco is a multilingual country which for some forty years pursued a language policy arabization with the apparent aim of creating a. The evolution of rwandas language policies since 1996 has played and continues to play a critical role in social reconstruction following war and genocide. Algerias own revolutionary tradition and its commitment to selfdetermination and nationalism have historically influenced its foreign policy. Algeria makes an interesting object for study on language policy and. When france colonised algeria in 1830, it was not merely economic exploitation or political domination it sought, but a comprehensive annexation that aimed at eliminating its culture. It presents different theories and findings related to the present study. The arabization made arabic the official language of algeria, while french is widely spoken by algerians and used in business. Comments by responsible african writers support this original intention. Language of instruction policy and practice in africa. In 1993, the algerian government introduced english as the first foreign language in primary schools instead of french, a colonial language so far dominant. The capital and most populous city is algiers, located in the far north of the country on the mediterranean coast. These are the kinds of statement which seem so obvious that most people would give them hardly a second thought.
A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. By closing this message, you are consenting to our use of cookies. Rwandas new english language policy aims to drop french and install english as the only language of instruction. The present paper attempts to deeply describe foreign language policy in algerian education in general and at higher education in. An exploration of foreign language teachers beliefs about. We use cookies to provide the best possible experience for you. Language policy and planning decisions arise in response to sociopolitical needs. He calls his book a study of the use of language as a proxy for conflict p. Since the colonial era, the politics of language has been one of the most corrosive and divisive issues in algeria. In language conflict in algeria, mohamed benrabah surveys nearly two centuries worth of language politics and linguistic culture in algeria, from the eve of the french colonial conquest of 1830 until 2012.
Algeria, may 2008 2 linguistic attributes, the berbers lacked a written language and hence tended to be overlooked or marginalized in historical accounts. The language situation in algeria mohamed benrabah 3. English as a global language the library of congress. The policymakers frame the change as a major factor in the success of social and education reforms aimed at promoting. However, only half of algerian students are enrolled in secondary schools. The third part addresses the status of the french and english languages. It is believed that algeria absorbed heavy colonial impact not only in its social life but also in its educational policy. Languageineducation planning in algeria univtebessa. Language policy, multilingual education, and power in. Call algeria s embassy to verify that all of your prescriptions are legal to bring with you.
Introduction the query of language education policies in algeria appears to be among the most crucial issues involved in language research. On one level, there are tensions between its two official language groups, afrikaans and english. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. Two main modern pronouncements on language policy in nigeria merit our attention, to wit the national policy on education 1977, revised in 1981, and the 1979 constitution, which is more cited than its 1989 reincarnation. Then comes the french language, with a score of 55. Senior lecturer tlemcen universityalgeria faculty of. Pdf language and politics in algeria mohamed benrabah. Since july 2015, a heated ideological debate on language and its relation to national identity has occupied algeria, sparked by the ministry of educations decision to use dialect or colloquial arabic language in teaching during the early stages of primary school. This monograph describes the language planning situation in algeria. International journal of the sociology of language 63, 6379 cited by mohamed benrabah, 2007. The fifth part examines planned language spread and use via languageineducation, the milieu and the media in its first section, and unplanned developments in its second section. Competition of these languages is linked to the french.
The issue of language education policies in algeria is a sensitive. Upon decolonisation, nationalist leaders in two north african countries, algeria and sudan, promoted a policy called arabisation tarib, which sought to impose standard literary arabic at the expense of english in sudan, french in algeria, and other local languages in both places. Algeria proved to be a relevant example to language planning between the former colonial language french, and the native languages tamazight and algerian. Pledged to upholding and furthering the revolution against imperialism, algeria has been a prominent leader in both the region and the developing world. The third chapter deals mainly with the policy of arabisation as an example of language planning in algeria. The choice of language of algerian leaders in public reflects their language policy. You can learn more about cookies on our privacy and settings page. The paper presents the language policy arabisation pursued in algeria since independence in 1962. The book also discusses the implications this language policy will have on languageineducation planning in algeria, namely from the perspective of teacher education. To learn about our use of cookies and how you can manage your cookie settings, please see our cookie policy. It also discusses problems that have arisen from the arabisation. Language planning decisions may be required, for example, where a number of linguistic groups compete for access to the mechanisms of daytoday life, or where a particular linguistic minority. Carry a card that identifies, in the local language, your blood type, chronic conditions or serious allergies, and the generic names of any medications you take.
The present offi cial linguistic policy proceedsby constraint and exclusion and favours monolingualism. This language policy reflected the worldview of muslim leaders, who hoped to break from the. The query of language education policies in algeria appears to be among the most crucial issues involved in current language research. Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of doctorate in education. The intergovernmental conference on language policies in africa, which was held in harare zimbabwe from 17 21 march 1997, was the first meeting of its kind involving language specialists attending as governmental experts and doing the preparatory work for and advising. The syndrome of the french language in algeria malika rebai maamri, university of algiers, algeria. Of course english is a global language,they would say.
Algeria has long struggled with its national identity, and no aspect of its evolution better reflects this struggle than its language policy. On another level, there are linguistic tensions between the ethnic europeans and the black majority, mostly in regard to language instruction in schools. This language policy reflected the worldview of muslim. Algerian arabic and berber, the real mother tongues of most algerians, are ignored, andfrench, the language of the.
Language policy and language planning in algeria have been both instrumental in shaping such experiences and attitudes and subject to their influence. Teaching english in algeria and educational reforms. In actual facts, the education system is described as a real failure. Fortyfive countries are represented, and understandably, the languages are listed on the map close to the. The interplay between language and politics in a postcolonial country fouzi bellalem abstract. Pdf english language policy in algeria 1990 1999 fouzi. Mother tongue debate and language policy in south africa dr. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license. Language policy and planning in nigeria efurosibina adegbija6. It uses a historical perspective to understand the processes involved in language change, language policies and languageineducation practices of the polity. Mohamed benrabahs detailed and wideranging study addresses each aspect of the question, from everyday language attitudes, through the problems of policy and planning, to education, popular culture, and literature. The language in education policy documents which follow have been the subject of discussions and debate with a.
As of 2015, algeria has 92 postsecondary institutions, which includes 48 universities. A sociolinguistic study of language policy in algeria. The aim of this paper is to present a critical overview of language policy development in south africa. Chapter two provides an insight into the history of language policy in algeria. By closing this message you agree to our use of cookies. Chadli bendjedid, third president of the country, used only classical arabic in his speeches, as did liamine zeroual. Tshotsho university of fort hare private bag x 14, alice, south africa abstract this paper evaluates the current mother tongue debates and the south african language policy. It is suggested that algeria is in need of a new transitional teacher training and development system as an essential requirement for the appropriate implementation of this policy. English as a global language with millions of popular intuitions at a level which had simply not existed a decade before.
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